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[Sdaji]

Basically (I might end up oversimplifying), Mendelian traits are those which are controlled by just one gene and don't have strong environmental influences. There are two alleles of the gene and two copies of the gene in each individual, each copy can be either allele. Thus, you have three possible genotypes and two or three possible phenotypes (two phenotypes if it's a dominant/recessive trait, three if it's a codominant trait). Familiar examples are traits like albinism/wild type and wild type/jaguar/dead leucistic.

A familiar non Mendelian trait inherited in a similar way to Children's Python pattern is height in humans (although height in humans has a stronger environmental component). Another similar(ish) example is number of ventral scales in snakes (although when considered intraspecifically, again, with a stronger environmental influence).

Mendelian traits are discrete, Children's Python pattern is continuous (it can be anywhere in between boldly patterned and very close to literally patternless). Having said that, most discrete traits are not Mendelian. Many traits we talk about are Mendelian, because they're the easy ones to work with (and understand), but most traits are non Mendelian.