Just about all these things are fine for rats. The rat world is loaded with myths like peanuts carrying deadly diseases and onions causing brain combustion, but these and most of the others listed are fine.
I personally basically stick to the lab cubes, but my pet rats (yeah, I know, lame
) have eaten all the 'deadly' feeds like dairy, apple seeds, corn, avocado, citrus, peanuts, raw beans and heaps of other 'deadlies' and it doesn't hurt them. Maybe if you fed them nothing but avocado skin or mandarin rind for a week you'd have problems, but you'd probably need mental problems to do that in the first place which would be a larger concern than any problems your rats were having.
I remember hearing lots of stories a few years ago about dog feed having stuff in it which was fine for rats but toxic to snakes. I don't know if there's any truth to it, I've never used dog feed for rats, but plenty of other rat breeders use it, some of them exclusively. I can't say for sure, but I suspect that's another snakey urban myth as well.
Vegetables and fruits aren't especially 'bad' for rats, but they're not a great diet for them, or natually a large part of a rat's diet. They won't hurt as part of a diet, but they're not going to give your rats their ideal nutrition. A lot of people think 'fresh is best', which is sort of true, but better use a processed for of the right diet than a fresh form of a less appropriate one.
Just go for lab cubes. It's the cheapest (other than crappy dog feed or pony pellets), easiest and nutritionally best option.
