Background Information
The use of only common names has several problems associated with it.
- A given species may have more than one common name, which varies according to where you live…
e.g. Shingleback (east coast), Bogeye or Boggi (areas of NSW, especially the ranges and western slopes), Sleepy Lizard or Pine Cone Lizard (common in SA), Stumpy Lizard or Stumpy (parts of Vic, SA and WA), Bobtail or Bobbie or Bobby (most of WA), Two-head Lizard (odd places). It is also known as a Deaf Adder in some places.
- More than one species may have the same common name…
e.g. Brown Snake can refer to around 9 members of the genus Pseudonaja and 1 member of the genus Pseudechis. To be fair, herpers differentiate between the different browns, usually by adding another term in, such as Common, Western, Northern, Speckled, Ringed, King etc. Any brown coloured snake is likely to be identified by local residents who are not versed in identification as a “Brown Snake”. Any banded snake is often called by locals a "Tiger Snake” etc.
- A common name used in one region may be more applicable to another animal in another region…
e.g. The common name “Pygmy Bearded Dragon” is used for Pogona henrylawsoni in the eastern states. Yet Pogona minor in Western Australia is a significantly smaller animal. So a West Aussie might justifiably think that their local bearded was being referred to by the name “Pyg.
- Different texts and field guides differ in the common names they give to specific species.
Scientific Names
The use of scientific names overcomes the above problems as each type of animal has ONE and only one scientific name.
Scientific names consist of two parts – the first part is the genus to which the organism belongs; and the second part is the species name for that organism. Where a species has been further grouped into subspecies, the subspecies name may be added after the species name. So where any scientific name contains three names, the last name refers to a subspecies group of that species.
Scientific names are made using mostly Latin root words. The reason is that Latin used to be the language of scholars as it allowed them to read the works of and communicate with other scholars from all different countries and speaking different languages. This was still pretty much the case when the system of naming organism by their genus and species (binomial nomenclature) was introduced by Linneaus. So by learning the meanings of some of the Latin roots, you can understand why an organism has given its particular scientific name.
Not all words in scientific name come from Latin. For example, for the Pygmy Bearded Dragon mentioned above, Pogona derives from “pogon” meaning beard but “henrylawsoni” derives from an Australian historical writer. So referring to scientific names as Latin names is incorrect.
AROD is great for scientific names because it shows both the pronunciation and how the word was derived (etymology). Anyone serious about developing their skills and understanding of any group of living things, be it reptiles, fish, plants, sea shells or whatever, will need to become familiar with scientific names.
Scientific names are a foreign language when you first come across them. Understanding that the first word is the GENUS and the second is the particular SPECIES helps a lot. But that alone does not bridge the initial gap. So what needs to happen is for people to use both the most generally accepted common name AND the scientific name. It may be seen as a pain in the butt by many, but one needs to appreciate that by using both it is being as to the animal and at the same time helping the reader to learn correct scientific names.
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